Carl Gustaf Theodore Olson (1875–1953) was a Swedish-born American painter who immigrated to the United States in 1893 and later settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He studied under Peter Roos, who recognized and developed his talent, and is also documented as a student of the Académie Julian in Paris. Olson exhibited widely, with works shown at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the Macbeth Gallery in New York. He also taught art at Harvard University and was regarded during his lifetime as an artist of distinction. His work frequently depicts the shores of Cape Cod, particularly Chatham and Orleans, as well as the lakes, rivers, and meadows of central Massachusetts and New Hampshire.